The architecture of a game project is the framework that defines how the components of a game are organized, how they interact, and how they can be scaled and maintained. Let’s look at key aspects of game architecture design, including components, design patterns, and refactoring principles.

Component approach and design patterns

One effective way to organize code is to use the component approach, which allows you to create flexible and extensible systems. Instead of creating complex class hierarchies where each new object type requires adding a new subclass, you can use design patterns such as the Entity-Component-System (ECS). In ECS, game objects (entities) are made up of components, each responsible for a specific functionality, and systems process these components to implement the game logic.

Design patterns, such as the “Template Method”, allow an algorithm to be broken down into a sequence of steps, describe these steps in separate methods, and call them in a single template method, leaving the ability for subclasses to override some steps of the algorithm.

Code refactoring and maintainability

Refactoring is the process of improving the internal structure of code without changing its external behavior. Regular refactoring helps keep the code base clean, understandable, and ready for expansion. Applying SOLID principles, such as the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP), allows for more modular and testable code.

During the refactoring process, it is important to avoid “crutches” – temporary solutions that can lead to technical debt. Using design patterns and components helps to create a more resilient and scalable architecture.

Practical recommendations

1. Using ECS: The separation of data and logic makes it easy to add new types of objects and behaviors without changing existing code.
2. Using design patterns: Using proven solutions helps to avoid common errors and improve code structure.
3. Regular refactoring: Continuous improvement of the code contributes to its maintainability and extensibility.
4. Documentation and coding standards: Clear standards and documentation make it easier for other developers to understand and support the code.

By following these guidelines, you can create a game architecture that is easy to develop, test, and extend.